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To get started, click on the resource you want to cite from the Source Type column on the right (or from the drop-down menu if using a mobile device).
If you need help, click on the Citation Maker instructions, which are also found at the bottom of every template.
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OSLIS MLA Elementary Citation Home | OSLIS APA Citation Home
Use this template to cite an entire book, pamphlet, or report. Also, use this template to cite part of a book or encyclopedia, such as an article, chapter, essay, play, poem, or short story. This applies to all formats: print, audio, online, or e-book.
(See more examples)
(List the person or group primarily responsible for creating the source. This is usually an author but may be an organization, editor, or translator.)
(If the corporate author is the same as the publisher, list the name in the Publisher field and leave this field blank.)
(Only list the first author.)
(Go to the next field.)
(Only use this field if you need to credit contributors who are not listed in the Author field.)
Edited by
Translated by
Narrated by
(Only list the first person.)
(Ex: 2nd ed., Rev. ed., Expanded ed., Updated ed., King James Version, Audiobook, E-book) (For an e-book or audiobook, do not include “ed.” at the end. If you know the e-book type, specify that instead. Ex: Kindle ed. For an e-book that also has an edition statement, include both. Ex: 3rd ed., e-book)
(If you are crediting one volume of a multi-volume set, indicate the number used. Otherwise, leave blank.)
(Type publisher’s full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations like Company, Incorporated, and Limited.)
Was this accessed online? No Yes, in a Library Database Yes, on a Web Site, and the source is on the author’s or publisher’s own Web site Yes, on a Web Site, but the source is not on the author’s or publisher’s own Web site
(Your citation is complete. Check your work, and then click on Create Citation Below.)
(Ex: Academic Search Premier or ERIC or JSTOR or Opposing Viewpoints in Context)
(Do not include http://.)
(Ex: poem by William Stafford on www.williamstafford.org)
(Do not include http://. If an e-book or audiobook was downloaded directly to a device, a URL is not needed.)
(Ex: Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain on www.gutenberg.org)
(Add city name for local newspapers when city is not included in title)(Ex: The Oregonian [Portland])
(Ex: national ed., sunrise ed., South Jersey ed.)
(Journals may have both a volume and issue number or just an issue number.)
Publication Date: Day: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Month: Summer Fall Winter Spring Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year: .
(Record the date as listed on your source.)
(If the article’s page numbers are not consecutive, only list the first page and a plus sign. Ex: 37+)
(If the article includes a digital object identifier, or DOI, use it instead of a URL. Add doi: to the beginning of the number. Ex: doi:10.1093/ageing/afp035. For URLs, do not include http://.)
(Ex: article from Journal of the American Medical Association, or JAMA, on www.jamanetwork.com)
(Ex: article in Time magazine on www.time.com)
(Ex: article in The New York Times newspaper on www.nyt.com)
(Ex: article from the journal, Animal Nutrition, on www.sciencedirect.com)
(Ex: Time magazine article posted with permission on an organization's Web site)
(Ex: The New York Times newspaper article posted with permission on an organization's Web site)
Use this template for Web site articles and blogs. If you found another type of source online, use the appropriate template. For example, for a journal, magazine, or newspaper article that is in a database or on a Web site, use the Periodical Article template. For an e-book in a database or on a Web site, use the Book template. For a video clip that you watched online, use the Video Recording template, etc.
(List who is primarily responsible for creating the source. This is usually a person but may be a group or organization.)
(Include real name in parentheses, if known. Ex: @jmittel (Jason Mittel))
(Enter publisher’s full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations like Company, Incorporated, and Limited. If the Web site title is essentially the same as the publisher’s name, leave Publisher blank.)If the blog title is essentially the same as the publisher’s name, leave Publisher blank.)
Could you determine a date that the Web site was created, published, or updated? Yes No
Date: Day: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Month: Summer Fall Winter Spring Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year: .
(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 28 Apr. 2016 or Apr. 2016 or 2016)
(Record the timestamp, if there is one.)
Date Accessed: Day: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Month: Summer Fall Winter Spring Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year: .
Is your focus on the contribution of one individual or on the recording as a whole?
(If there is no author, move on to the title field.)
I am citing a/an: Television Program or Series, Film, Video or Podcast Episode of Series (Television, Podcast, or Video)
(Only use this field if you need to credit contributors who are not listed in the Author/Contributor field.)
(Ex: director’s cut; Ex: uncut version)
(Use this to identify the episode, season, or series number, when that is relevant and known. Enter the descriptor and the number. If there are multiple descriptors, separate each with a comma.) (Ex: season 3; Ex: season 7, episode 135)
(The publisher is the company or organization primarily responsible for making the video. Do not include online hosting sites like YouTube or Hulu. Type the publisher’s full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations like Company, Incorporated, and Limited. Ex: Twentieth Century Fox or HBO)
(Record the date as listed on your source. Ex: 3 Mar. 2016 or Mar. 2016 or 2016)
(Most often, this is used to identify the disc number of a DVD set when that is relevant and known. Enter the descriptor and the number. If there are multiple descriptors, separate each with a comma.) (Ex: disc 3; Ex: set 1, disc 4)
(Ex: Academic Search Premier or Student Resources in Context)
(Ex: video by Beyoncé on www.beyonce.com)
(Ex: video by Beyoncé on www.youtube.com)
(If the uploader is a group or goes by an online username, use the Last Name field and leave the other two fields blank. If the uploader is not known, leave this field blank.)
Could you determine a date that the video was uploaded? Yes No
Date Uploaded: Day: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Month: Summer Fall Winter Spring Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year: .
(For audiobooks, use the Book template.)
(You decide who to feature as the primary artist, based on how this source relates to your research. This is usually a writer, composer, or performer.)
(Only use this field if you need to credit contributors who are not listed in the Author/Artist field.)
(Ex: expanded ed.; Ex: uncut version)
(The publisher is the company or organization primarily responsible for making the recording. Do not include online hosting sites like YouTube, iTunes, or Spotify. Type the publisher's full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations like Company, Incorporated, and Limited. Ex: Columbia Records or American Public Media)
(Most often, this is used to identify the disc number of a CD set when that is relevant and known. Enter the descriptor and the number. If there are multiple descriptors, separate each with a comma.)(Ex: disc 3; Ex: set 1, disc 4)
(Ex: song by Beyoncé on www.beyonce.com)
(Ex: song by Beyoncé on www.spotify.com)
Images, artwork, and objects can be experienced in person or seen in a resource such as a book, periodical, database, or Web site.
For citing artwork or objects that you experienced in person, use this template.
For citing images (of artwork or objects) that you saw in a book, periodical, database, or Web site, MLA gives you two options.
MLA says it is usually enough to identify the author and title of the image, artwork, or object in the body of your paper, followed by an in-text citation for the source you found it in. Then only cite that source (not the image) in your works cited list. For that option, use the Book, Periodical Article, or Web Site Article template to create the citation instead of using this template.
The second option is to start a citation with the information about the image, artwork, or object, and then add the information about the container. The container is the resource -- book, periodical, database, and/or Web site -- in which you found the image. For that option, use this template.
If you are unsure which option to choose, ask your teacher.
Does this image, artwork, or object have a title?
Yes, it has a title. No, it does not have a title.
(Provide a brief generic description of the image, artwork, or object. Capitalize the first word and any proper nouns. Ex: Chair of stained oak)
Is the year of creation known? Yes, because the source provided a date. Yes, but I found the date in a different source. No, I could not determine a date.
Where did you see this? Viewed in person (Ex: at a museum) In a book (either in print, on a Web site, or in a database) In a periodical -- magazine, journal, or newspaper (either in print, on a Web site, or in a database) On a Web site (Ex: an artist’s or museum’s Web site) In a database but the image was not part of an article or book
Institution (Museum, Archive, Building, etc.): ,
City: , (Only identify the city if it is not part of the institution’s name.)
Object Number or Code (if there is one): .
(List the person or group primarily responsible for writing the book. This is usually an author but may be an organization or editor.)
Was this accessed online? No Yes, in a Library Database Yes, on a Web Site, and the book is on the author’s or publisher’s own Web site Yes, on a Web Site, but the book is not on the author’s or publisher’s own Web site
(Ex: image of sculpture by Dale Chihuly in a book found on www.dalechihuly.com)
(Do not include http://. If an e-book was downloaded directly to a device, a URL is not needed.)
(Ex: image of sculpture by Dale Chihuly in a book found on www.gutenberg.org)
(List the person or group primarily responsible for writing the article. This is usually an author but may be an organization.)
Is the image or artwork on the artist’s or creator’s own Web site? Yes, it is on the artist’s or creator’s own Web site. No, it is on a different person’s or organization’s Web site. It is on a blog, and not a regular Web site.
(Ex: image of sculpture by Dale Chihuly on www.dalechihuly.com)
(Ex: image of sculpture by Dale Chihuly on www.museumofglassartwork.org)
(List who is primarily responsible for writing the article or the content of the Web page. This is usually a person but may be a group or organization.)
Could you determine a date that the image was posted or added to the database? Yes No
Only use this template to cite an interview that you conducted or experienced firsthand, including face-to-face, over the telephone, or using video chat. If you read or otherwise saw an interview, cite it using the template for the source that included the interview: book; magazine, newspaper, or journal article; audio or video recording; Web site.
Publication Date (Date of the Interview): Day: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Month: Summer Fall Winter Spring Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year: .
(You decide who to feature based on how this event relates to your research. This is usually an author, composer, lecturer, or performer. If other, list their role after their name. Ex: Kalmar, Carlos, conductor.)
(This may be a concert or lecture series, conference or convention, class or course, etc.)
(Only use this field if you need to credit contributors who are not listed in the Author/Primary Contributor field.)
(Ex: Matinee performance)
(Organization primarily responsible for producing or sponsoring the event or making it available to the public; type publisher’s full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations like Company, Incorporated, and Limited; omit publisher’s name if it is included in the title field above.) (Ex: Oregon Symphony; Ex: American Cancer Society)
Publication Date (Date of Live Event): Day: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Month: Summer Fall Winter Spring Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year: .
Venue of Live Event: ,
City: . (Only identify the city if it is not part of the venue’s name.)
Received by
Publication Date (Date of E-mail): Day: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Month: Summer Fall Winter Spring Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year: .
(If the author is a group or goes by an online username, use the Last Name field and leave the other two fields blank. For an online username, if you know the author’s real name, include it in parentheses. Ex: @Pontifex (Pope Francis))
(When there is no title, enter the full text of a tweet. For longer untitled posts, enter the first several sentences. Enter text exactly as it appears in the post, including capitalization and spelling.)
(Record the date as listed on your source, and include the time, if given.)
Use this template to cite sources that are not already covered in MLA Citation Maker.
The MLA 8 citation guidelines are somewhat flexible. The goal is for you to think critically about each source and to apply a few rules and principles to produce a citation that is appropriate for your project. Two people could use the same source but have different citations, and both could be correct. It depends on several variables, including what aspect of the source is most relevant to the project and what format was used.
Use the most relevant fields of the basic template below to create a citation for your source. Refer to the MLA Handbook (8th ed.) and to the MLA Style Center’s "Works Cited: A Quick Guide," and "Ask the MLA" for additional guidance.
(List the person or group primarily responsible for creating the source.)
(Organization primarily responsible for producing or sponsoring the source or making it available to the public; type publisher's full name, but omit business words and their abbreviations like Company, Incorporated, and Limited; omit publisher's name if it is included in the title field above)
(If you enter page numbers, precede one with p. and multiple with pp. If you enter a URL, omit the http://.)
Is your source found within another source, such as a magazine inside of a database or a video on a streaming service? Yes No
(Typically, this will be the title of a database or Web site. If that is the case, only fill in these two fields: Title of Container and Location. Otherwise, fill out applicable remaining fields.)
Check your spelling and capitalization, and click on Create Citation Below.
Before you exit Citation Maker, be sure to save your work by using "Save in Word or Pages" or "Save in Google Drive."
Works Cited Formatting Tips
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